We’ve now received over 20,000 benchmarks at https://storage.jamesachambers.com/! These are submitted by regular people from all over the world.
In celebration of that milestone as well as the launch of the 8GB Raspberry Pi 4* take a closer look at which device you should choose for your Raspberry Pi 4 as determined by science and measurement!
Best Performing Devices
Solid State Drive (SSD)
The Samsung 970 Evo Plus* is currently the king. It’s not cheap, but a lot of people have it with a total of 49 benchmarks so far!
Secure Digital (SD / MicroSD) Card
The SanDisk Extreme A2* is barely edging out the SanDisk Extreme A1 variant* for the top spot. The difference is tiny though, so you should pick whichever one is cheaper at the moment.
Storage Adapter Performance Note
The type of USB adapter you use (if you aren’t using a SD card) can have a big effect on performance. I cover which adapters are good and which should be avoided more comprehensively in my Raspberry Pi 4 USB Booting Post.
The most popular one at time of writing is the StarTech USB 3.1 to 2.5″ SATA adapter*.
Top 20 Fastest Storage Devices
Top 10 Fastest Secure Digital SD / MicroSD Cards
| Rank | Brand | Link | Average (All) | Average (Pi 4) | Fastest Score | Slowest Score | Total Benchmarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SanDisk Extreme A2 (SEXXX C10 V30 U3)* |
 |
1595 | 1659 | 1747 | 1167 | 12 |
| 2 | SanDisk Extreme A1 (SEXXX A1 C10 V30 U3)* |
 |
1588 | 1669 | 1808 | 858 | 141 |
| 3 | Transcend (USD A1 C10 V30 U3)* |
 |
1569 | 1569 | 1667 | 1363 | 6 |
| 4 | SanDisk Extreme Pro (SPXXX A1 C10 V30 U3)* |
 |
1568 | 1606 | 2289 | 651 | 136 |
| 5 | Lexar 633x* |
 |
1554 | 1554 | 1810 | 1028 | 14 |
| 6 | Kingston Canvas React (SDCHE A1 C10 V10 U1)* |
 |
1554 | 1554 | 1632 | 1465 | 6 |
| 7 | SanDisk Extreme Pro (SPXXX C10 V30 U3)* |
|
1520 | 1607 | 1709 | 1260 | 4 |
| 8 | Toshiba SD (SA32G A1 C10 U1)* |
 |
1456 | 1525 | 1616 | 1178 | 5 |
| 9 | Transcend (USD A1 C10 V10 U3)* |
|
1436 | 1436 | 1528 | 1135 | 7 |
| 10 | AData Premier Pro* |
 |
1412 | 1412 | 1558 | 1316 | 13 |
Benchmarking Your Own Device
I highly recommend benchmarking your own storage device. To run the benchmark paste/type:
sudo curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheRemote/PiBenchmarks/master/Storage.sh | sudo bash
The benchmark only takes a few minutes and will give you a lot of information about whether your Pi is performing well or not. Storage is definitely the biggest performance variation between otherwise identical Pi setups.
Compare your score with others at the full benchmark browsing site https://storage.jamesachambers.com/. Leave a comment letting us know how you did or if you need any help!
hello everyone,
im having some issues! after looking through this guide I recently bought a western digital blue sn550 nvme 250gb, and theo tdbt m.2 nvme enclosure, got my pi 4 to boot using this set up, and ran this test. my score was 2526, which is FAR below even the lowest recorded score. ive been trying to troubleshoot why this might be and i cant seem to find a solution. all of the videos ive watched with people booting from a ssd give them hparm speeds of 100-600 mb/s, while mine is hovering around 30. any ideas?
Hey Tyler,
Sorry for the slow reply, I missed this one in the shuffle. Have you tried enabling quirks mode on your drive? I cover this a little bit more in depth in my New Raspberry Pi 4 Bootloader USB Booting Guide. Sometimes unpredictable things can happen and it can help.
2500 sounds suspiciously close to the USB 2.0 limit. It may be worth checking to make sure it’s plugged into one of the blue ports. I recently updated the benchmark to tell you what mode your USB connection is running in if it’s able to be seen depending on your adapter.
I’m not familiar with this enclosure. Do you happen to have a link to your benchmark id #? I would definitely be willing to take a closer look here and see if we can figure out what is bottlenecking you!
James — seems we can no longer download the results to a CSV or .xlsx document? Did you make that change intentionally, or will the functionality be added back at some point? I would like to sort through results on my own.
Hey Austin,
Wow! Did you actually use the benchmark back then or is there a reference to that somewhere still around?
So it wasn’t an intentional change. What happened is I have been migrating away from a PHP forms submission software called “FormTools” to purely my own code. That project seems to have been abandoned. The author has a note up and the site is still up but it hasn’t been updated for years. It’s still partially used right now until I can finish the rest of my own custom stuff. The benchmarking bash script still uploads the results to a FormTools form.
The site used to basically be a giant table that had limited sorting and was impossible to navigate very effectively. The “export” function was built into FormTools already. I’ve replaced the FormTools frontend entirely though at this point so there’s no way to get to the button for non-admins. At the time it was literally easier to read the data in Excel (most things are really when presented/sorted, but I mean you basically had to to even read it). I had actually forgotten about it until you mentioned it!
There’s no reason I took it away or anything like that so I will definitely put it on the ToDo list to add an export button here at some point. I’m right in the middle of major changes on the site trying to get it more usable (it’s better, still horrible, but improving and you can kind of browse it now, yay!). If you check it today and check it tomorrow it may look completely different or have new pages than before so I may get an opportunity to implement this before too long!
Greetings!
Two questions:
1. I have been running your benchmark and have submitted numerous reports on various SD and USB devices I have here, all as (using “European” quotes for clarity), and yet, interestingly enough, none – not a single one – has shown up on your list. I did a new test of a Seagate Expansion SSD (500G) on my Pi-4 test rig and submitted it on 2020-10-14, and it has not yet shown up. Nor bustin’ chops, but I am curious. Maybe other significant data is also being swallowed up in some black hole somewhere?
2. When running tests on my devices, I have noticed that several tests on the same device, on the same port (USB/micro SD), on the same system, using an identical image, show what might be significant variation.
For example:
Today I purchased the Seagate Expansion SSD device – an external USB-3 device that contains a SSD instead of a standard mechanical hard drive.
I ran a total of ten passes of your test on it and recorded all the results. (I turned off my WiFi at the end of the test to avoid spamming your site with tests.)
The “score” for this device, run exactly the same way over and over again in succession, ranged from a low of 6477 to a high of 7394 – a difference of almost exactly 12.5%.
I have noticed a similar effect when testing other devices though I have not run such a test as this because the other devices were too slow.
I would hope to believe that the device itself doesn’t have a 12 to 13% variation in speed based on the phases of the moon or whatever. I also shudder to think that my Pi-4 is so inconsistent.
Do you have any idea why there should be such a variation? Note that the variation seems to be random in nature instead of steadily increasing or decreasing.
Thanks!
Jim “JR”
This is great! FYI, the reason that that particular micro-SD card at the top is so popular is because it is sold in a 2-pack from Costco in the US for only $45, making it out to $22.50 per card! So they are popular because they are cheap!
Hi James,
thanks for providing such very deep information.
Over the time I have done several tests with Raspi 4 (4GB) and Samsung 860 EVO 250 GB (e.g. #5367 on 2019-12-18 and #32570 on 2020-09-28).
I have done firmware and bootloader updates as soon as they where in stable state. I believe my updates have made the system more stable and efficient due to less heat dissipation.
On the other hand during time the score went worse.
I have done software updates of your software too in order to stay comparable.
What do you think about? What may be the root cause of this slow down?
Regards, H.
Assuming you’re using an SD card, mounted within the Pi’s SD slot, have you tried a TRIM of the device?
Viz.: fstrim -v /
Part of the problem may be that you are continually reading and writing from the device and solid-state devices like SSD’s or SD cards do not necessarily handle TRIM very well, especially if you are running something repeatedly.
You can find more information here:
https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2020/enabling-trim-on-external-ssd-on-raspberry-pi
Sorry I’m late to the party, but I second what Jim said. When I’ve seen this on my own devices it has been because the SD card needed a trim. Once I did that and rebooted typically performance would be 90-95% restored if not 100%!
Hi Jim,
thanks for the hint.
This is not a SD card. The Samsung 860 EVO is a mSATA device on a Lycom Adapter (in a USB3-version with controller from Renesas/NEC). Anyway, the provided link worked.
However, after trimming the device is not faster.